Friday 14 March 2014

English for Business - Idioms


Do you need to improve your business vocabulary? You're in the right place! This article will help you feel more confident in your interviews as well as in business meetings and boardrooms from Singapore to Vancouver, from corporate offices to small corner shops.

Black market refers to illegal trade or places where such trade is carried on. Do not confuse it with the semi-legal "grey market". The "black market" was known as the "bootleg market" in America in the 1930s.
If you can't find it in the shops, try the black market but beware, the quality is not guaranteed.

Blank cheque originally meant a cheque that was signed by the payer but had no amount indicated, so that the payee could fill in the amount they wanted. Nowadays it refers to authorizing somebody to act as they see fit.
He got blank cheque to reform the department.

Above board describes legal business that is open to all its customers and has no hidden tricks designed to cheat people. It originates from the 17th century when players were asked to keep their hands above the table in order to prevent cheating at a card game.
His offer to buy the company was above board. 

Break your back stands for extremely hard work.
He broke his back to get the work done in time.

Business as usual means that everything is continuing in a normal way. This expression is mostly used to mark the end of a turbulent period.
The shop has opened after a month of repairs, so now it is business as usual. 

Business before pleasure means that responsibilities should come first, and enjoyment should come later.
You offer for lunch is attractive but business before pleasure.

Business is business is a way of saying that work-related matters and friendship (personal feelings) should be kept apart.
I will employ the best candidate and not a friend because business is business.

Cash cow stands for a product or a service that produces a steady flow of cash. 
This investment could be the cash cow we need to start a new project.

Cash in your chips is an expression used when a person sells something, usually stocks or shares, either because he or she needs money or because the value of those is expected to drop.
Mary cashed in her chips and is now looking for a new investment opportunity. 

Clinch a deal means coming to an agreement. There is an old proverb saying, "It is better a clinched deal than two clenched fists".
His final presentation enabled us to clinch a deal. 

Corner the market is a situation when a single business entity controls the whole market leaving no space for competition. This idiom dates back to the time of the Industrial Revolution. It uses "corner" in the sense of "drive would-be buyers into a corner".
Large companies, such as Wal-mart or Microsoft, are considered to have cornered their markets.

Creative accounting refers to a presentation of company results which are imaginative and misleading but not necessarily illegal. Creative accounting is often used to manage earnings and to keep debt off the balance sheet.
I'm sure that we can avoid arguments with our investors if we apply some creative accounting.

Cutting edge means that something is at the forefront or has the leading position in a given field.
Silicon Valley in California is at the cutting edge of IT technology.

Dead wood is an expression used to describe people or things that are useless or burdensome.
The board decided to reduce costs by cutting the dead wood.

Dog eat dog describes a situation of fierce competition when people fight only for themselves, with no concern for morality.
The only rule of this market is dog-eat-dog.

Donkey work is boring and repetitive work that everyone would like to avoid.
Even the interns will not do donkey work.

Dream ticket is a combination of two people who are considered to constitute a great team. It is often used during election campaigns to describe a presidential candidate and his would-be vice president.
Two of our best sales representatives working together are our dream ticket.

Finger in every pie describes someone who has an interest or is involved in a lot of different things, often in a way that people do not approve of.
He is interested in every aspect of this industry and has a finger in every pie.

Foot in the door describes someone who has accomplished the first stage or step.
The interview went really well. He has his foot in the door.

Get your hands dirty means involvement in all the aspects of a given task, not in just regular duties. It also means getting involved in something that might compromise your reputation.
If we want to meet the deadline, then we will all have to get our hands dirty. 

Get the show on the road means to start something or to put a plan into operation.
This cannot wait till tomorrow so let's get the show on the road.

Golden handshake is a generous incentive, usually money or some other benefit, that is given to a senior member of a company so that he accepts early retirement.
He received no golden handshake or pension after being dismissed by the electorate.

Upper hand is an advantage that someone has over competitors in the market. The term originates from the 15th century and refers to the driver who holds the whip in a horse-drawn vehicle. 
He has the upper hand in this fight.

Have one's hands tied describes a situation when a person cannot do something because of restrictions.
I would gladly support your cause but my hands are tied.

Left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing means bad communication between departments or people within a company.
It will be hard to coordinate such a project here because in our office the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing.

Monkey business stands for deceitful conduct or questionable behaviour.
I don't trust their offer, there's some monkey business going on.

Ostrich strategy is used to label a risky financial decision that ignores an obvious problem. The idea comes from the supposed habit of ostriches that hide their head in the sand in order to avoid danger.
You will only make the situation worse by adopting the ostrich strategy .

Learn the ropes stands for learning something new. It is originally a nautical term implying that new recruits had to learn how to tie knots first in order to become true sailors.
This is a new position for him and he will need time to learn the ropes.

Square deal is an equitable arrangement or fair and honest transaction.
I assure you that this transaction is a square deal, thereby, beneficial to all. 

Take the floor is used when somebody is expected to formally address a group of people in a form of speech or presentation.
The Chairman will take the floor for a few moments before the staff party begins. 

Up and running is used to indicate movement from a lower to higher stage. In the business world it applies to a successful start of an operation or a project.
Our family business is up and running.

Nothing ventured, nothing gained means that one cannot profit without taking a risk. The expression dates back to 1300s and is also known as "no pain, no gain". 
It is impossible to make a profit without looking at the new markets, nothing ventured nothing gained.

Walk into the lion's den means stepping into a situation that will put you or your business in a vulnerable position.
By investing in unsecured market you are walking into the lion's den.
SOURCE

Idiom bahasa Inggris - Idioms in English


Idioms, can you guess their meanings?
  1. A penny for your thoughts
  2. Add insult to injury
  3. A hot potato
  4. Once in a blue moon
  5. Caught between two stools
  6. See eye to eye
  7. Hear it on the grapevine
  8. Miss the boat
  9. Kill two birds with one stone
  10. On the ball
  11. Cut corners
  12. To hear something straight from the horse's mouth
  13. Costs an arm and a leg
  14. The last straw
  15. Take what someone says with a pinch of salt
  16. Sit on the fence
  17. The best of both worlds
  18. Put wool over other people's eyes
  19. Feeling a bit under the weather
  20. Speak of the devil!
Meanings
  1. This idiom is used as a way of asking someone what they are thinking about.
  2. When people add insult to injury, they make a bad situation even worse.
  3. This idiom is used to speak of an issue (especially in current affairs) which many people are talking about.
  4. This is used when something happens very rarely.
  5. When someone finds it difficult to choose between two alternatives.
  6. This idiom is used to say that two (or more people) agree on something.
  7. This means ‘to hear a rumour' about something or someone.
  8. This idiom is used to say that someone missed his or her chance at something.
  9. This means ‘to do two things at the same time'.
  10. When someone understands the situation well.
  11. When something is done badly to save money. For example, when someone buys products that are cheap but not of good quality.
  12. To hear something from the authoritative source.
  13. When something is very expensive.
  14. The final problem in a series of problems.
  15. This means not to take what someone says too seriously. There is a big possibility that what he/she says is only partly true.
  16. This is used when someone does not want to choose or make a decision.
  17. All the advantages.
  18. This means to deceive someone into thinking well of them.
  19. Feeling slightly ill.
  20. This expression is used when the person you have just been talking about arrives.

Courtesy of Elanguest Language School. 
Source:
http://www.englishforums.com/content/lessons/20-most-common-idioms-in-english-and-what-they-mean.htm

Penggunaan at, on, dan in - Prepositions

Cara Menggunakan at on in?

Prepositions for Time, Place, and Introducing Objects

One point in time

On is used with days:
  • I will see you on Monday.
  • The week begins on Sunday.
At is used with noon, night, midnight, and with the time of day:
  • My plane leaves at noon.
  • The movie starts at 6 p.m.
In is used with other parts of the day, with months, with years, with seasons:
  • He likes to read in the afternoon.
  • The days are long in August.
  • The book was published in 1999.
  • The flowers will bloom in spring.

Extended time

To express extended time, English uses the following prepositions: since, for, by, from—to, from-until, during,(with)in
  • She has been gone since yesterday. (She left yesterday and has not returned.)
  • I'm going to Paris for two weeks. (I will spend two weeks there.)
  • The movie showed from August to October. (Beginning in August and ending in October.)
  • The decorations were up from spring until fall. (Beginning in spring and ending in fall.)
  • I watch TV during the evening. (For some period of time in the evening.)
  • We must finish the project within a year. (No longer than a year.)

Place

To express notions of place, English uses the following prepositions: to talk about the point itself: in, to express something contained: inside, to talk about the surface: on, to talk about a general vicinity, at.
  • There is a wasp in the room.
  • Put the present inside the box.
  • I left your keys on the table.
  • She was waiting at the corner.

Higher than a point

To express notions of an object being higher than a point, English uses the following prepositions: over, above.
  • He threw the ball over the roof.
  • Hang that picture above the couch.

Lower than a point

To express notions of an object being lower than a point, English uses the following prepositions: under, underneath, beneath, below.
  • The rabbit burrowed under the ground.
  • The child hid underneath the blanket.
  • We relaxed in the shade beneath the branches.
  • The valley is below sea-level.

Close to a point

To express notions of an object being close to a point, English uses the following prepositions: near, by, next to, between, among, opposite.
  • She lives near the school.
  • There is an ice cream shop by the store.
  • An oak tree grows next to my house
  • The house is between Elm Street and Maple Street.
  • I found my pen lying among the books.
  • The bathroom is opposite that room.

To introduce objects of verbs

English uses the following prepositions to introduce objects of the following verbs.

At: glance, laugh, look, rejoice, smile, stare

  • She glanced at her reflection.
    (exception with mirrorShe glanced in the mirror.)
  • You didn't laugh at his joke.
  • I'm looking at the computer monitor.
  • We rejoiced at his safe rescue.
  • That pretty girl smiled at you.
  • Stop staring at me.

Of: approve, consist, smell

  • I don't approve of his speech.
  • My contribution to the article consists of many pages.
  • He came home smelling of alcohol.

Of (or about): dream, think

  • I dream of finishing college in four years.
  • Can you think of a number between one and ten?
  • I am thinking about this problem.

For: call, hope, look, wait, watch, wish

  • Did someone call for a taxi?
  • He hopes for a raise in salary next year.
  • I'm looking for my keys.
  • We'll wait for her here.
  • You go buy the tickets and I'll watch for the train.
  • If you wish for an "A" in this class, you must work hard.
Contributors:Chris Berry, Allen Brizee, Elizabeth Angeli.
Summary:

Compound Nouns, How to use hyphens (Compound noun - cara menggunakan hyphen tanda strip)

There have been a number of recent questions concerning when to use hyphens. The following is an excerpt from The Economist magazine's style guide. 

© The Economist Newspaper Limited 2004 

Use hyphens for: 

1. FRACTIONS (whether nouns or adjectives): two-thirds, four-fifths, one-sixth, etc. 

2. MOST WORDS THAT BEGIN with anti, non and neo. Thus anti-aircraft, anti-fascist, anti-submarine (but antibiotic, anticlimax, antidote, antiseptic, antitrust); non-combatant, non-existent, non-payment, non-violent (but nonaligned, nonconformist, nonplussed, nonstop); neo-conservative, neo-liberal (but neoclassicism, neolithic, neologism). 

Words beginning Euro should also be hyphenated, except Europhile, Europhobe and Eurosceptic; euro zone and euro area. 

Some words that become unmanageably long with the addition of a prefix. Thus under-secretary and inter-governmental. Antidisestablishmentarianism would, however, lose its point if it were hyphenated. 

A sum followed by the word worth also needs a hyphen. Thus $25m-worth of goods. 

3. SOME TITLES 

vice-president, director-general, under-secretary, secretary-general, attorney-general, lieutenant-colonel, major-general, field-marshal 

but 

general secretary, deputy secretary, deputy director, district attorney 

4. TO AVOID AMBIGUITIES 

a little-used car 
a little used-car 
cross complaint 
cross-complaint 
high-school girl 
high schoolgirl 
fine-tooth comb (most people do not comb their teeth) 
third-world war 
third world war 

5. AIRCRAFT 

DC-10, Mirage F-1E, MiG-23, Lockheed P-3 Orion 
(If in doubt, consult Jane's "All the World's Aircraft".) 

6. ADJECTIVES FORMED FROM TWO OR MORE WORDS 

right-wing groups (but the right wing of the party), balance-of-payments difficulties, private-sector wages, public-sector borrowing requirement, a 70-year-old judge, state-of-the-union message, value-added tax (VAT). 

Adverbs do not need to be linked to participles or adjectives by hyphens in simple constructions: The regiment was ill equipped for its task; The principle is well established; Though expensively educated, the journalist knew no grammar. But if the adverb is one of two words together being used adjectivally, a hyphen may be needed: The ill-equipped regiment was soon repulsed; All well-established principles should be periodically challenged. The hyphen is especially likely to be needed if the adverb is short and common, such as ill, little, much and well. Less-common adverbs, including all those that end -ly, are less likely to need hyphens: Never employ an expensively educated journalist. 

Do not overdo the literary device of hyphenating words that are not usually linked: the stringing-together-of-lots-and-lots-of-words-and-ideas tendency can be tiresome. 

7. SEPARATING IDENTICAL LETTERS: 

book-keeping (but bookseller), coat-tails, co-operate, unco-operative, pre-eminent, pre-empt (but predate, precondition), re-emerge, re-entry (but rearm, rearrange, reborn, repurchase), trans-ship. Exceptions include override, overrule, underrate, withhold. 

8. NOUNS FORMED FROM PREPOSITIONAL VERBS: 

bail-out, build-up, call-up, get-together, lay-off, pay-off, round-up, set-up, shake-up, etc. 

9. THE QUARTERS OF THE COMPASS: 

north-east(ern), south-east(ern), south-west(ern), north-west(ern), the mid-west(ern). 

10. HYBRID ETHNICS: 

Greek-Cypriot, Irish-American, etc, whether noun or adjective. 

Words gathered together in quotation marks to serve as adjectives do not usually need hyphens as well: the "Live Free or Die" state. 

---------------- 

A general rule for makers: if the prefix is of one or two syllables, attach it without a hyphen to form a single word, but if the prefix is of three or more syllables, introduce a hyphen. So carmaker, chipmaker, peacemaker, marketmaker, troublemaker, but candlestick-maker, holiday-maker, tiramisu-maker, antimacassar-maker. Policymaker (one word) is an exception. 

With other words ending -er that are similar to maker (builder, dealer, driver, grower, owner, player, runner, seeker, traf***er, worker, etc) the general rule should be to insert a hyphen. But some prefixes, especially those of one syllable, can be used to form single words (coalminer, foxhunter, householder, landowner, metalworker, muckraker, nitpicker, shipbroker, steeplechaser), and some combinations will be better left as two words (insurance broker, crossword compiler, tuba player). 

ONE WORD: 
airfield 
airspace 
airtime 
antibiotic 
anticlimax 
antidoteantiseptic 
antitrust 
bedfellow 
bestselling 
bilingual 
blackboard 
blueprint 
bookmaker 
businessman 
bypass 
carmaker 
cashflow 
ceasefire 
chipmaker 
clockmaker 
coalminer 
coastguard 
codebreaker 
comeback 
commonsense (adj) 
cyberspace 
dotcom 
fallout 
farmworker 
figleaf 
foothold 
forever (adv, when it precedes the verb) 
foxhunter (-ing) 
goodwill 
halfhearted 
handout 
handpicked 
hardline 
headache 
hijack 
hobnob 
kowtow 
lacklustre 
landmine 
landowner 
laptop 
loophole 
lopsided 
lukewarm 
machinegun 
marketmaker (-ing) 
metalworker 
minefield 
multilingual 
nationwide 
nevertheless 
nitpicker (-ing) 
nonetheless 
offline 
offshore 
oilfield 
online 
onshore 
overpaid 
overrated 
override 
overrule 
overrun 
payout 
peacekeepers (-ing) 
peacemaker (-ing) 
peacetime 
petrochemical 
placename 
policymakers(-ing), but foreign-policy makers (-ing) 
profitmaking 
rainforest 
roadblock 
rustbelt 
salesforce 
seabed 
shipbroker (-ing) 
shipbuilder (-ing) 
shipowner 
shortlist 
shutdown 
soyabean 
spillover 
statewide 
steelmaker (-ing) 
steelworker (-ing) 
stockmarket 
streetwalker 
strongman 
subcommittee 
subcontinent 
subcontract 
subhuman 
submachinegun 
sunbelt 
takeover 
threshold 
timetable 
transatlantic 
transpacific 
troublemaker (-ing) 
turnout 
underdog 
underpaid 
underrated 
videodisc 
videocassette 
wartime 
website 
windfall 
workforce 
worldwide 
worthwhile 

TWO WORDS: 
ad hoc (always) 
air base 
air force 
arm's length 
any more 
ballot box 
birth rate 
car maker 
child care (noun) 
common sense (noun) 
dog owner 
errand boy 
for ever (when used after a verb) 
girl friend 
health care (noun) 
Land Rover 
no one 
on to 
some day 
under way 
vice versa 

TWO HYPHENATED WORDS: 
agri-business 
aid-worker 
aircraft-carrier 
asylum-seekers 
bail-out 
bell-ringer 
build-up 
buy-out 
call-up (noun) 
catch-phrase 
copper-miner 
death-squads 
drawing-board 
drug-dealer (-ing) 
drug-traf***er (-ing) 
end-game 
end-year 
faint-hearted 
field-worker 
front-line 
front-runner 
fund-raiser (-ing) 
get-together (noun) 
gun owner 
gun-runner 
hand-held 
health-care (adj) 
heir-apparent 
hot-head 
ice-cream 
infra-red 
inter-governmental 
interest-group 
joint-venture 
kerb-crawler 
know-how 
lay-off (noun) 
like-minded 
long-standing 
machine-tool 
mid-week, mid-August, etc 
mill-owner 
nation-building 
nation-state 
news-stand 
pay-off (noun) 
post-war 
pot-hole 
pressure-group 
pre-war 
pull-out (noun, not verb) 
question-mark 
rain-check 
re-create (meaning create again) 
re-present (meaning present again) 
re-sort (meaning sort again) 
round-up (noun) 
set-up (noun) 
shake-out (noun) 
stand-off 
starting-point 
start-ups 
sticking-point 
stumbling-block 
talking-shop 
task-force 
tear-gas 
think-tank 
time-bomb 
truck-driver 
turning-point 
vote-winner 
working-party 

THREE WORDS: 
ad hoc agreement (meeting, etc) 
armoured personnel carrier 
chiefs of staff 
half a dozen 
in as much 
in so far 
multiple rocket launcher 
nuclear power station 
third world war (if things get bad) 

THREE HYPHENATED WORDS: 
A-turned-B (thief-turned-journalist) 
brother-in-law 
chock-a-block 
commander-in-chief 
no-man's-land 
prisoners-of-war 
second-in-command 

Avoid from 1947-50 (say in 1947-50 or from 1947 to 1950) and between 1961-65 (say in 1961-65, between 1961 and 1965 or from 1961 to 1965). 

“If you take hyphens seriously, you will surely go mad” (Oxford University Press style manual).


SOURCE